雅思考试：阅写结合 一箭双雕！

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雅思考试：阅写结合  一箭双雕

雅思考试分为听、说、读、写四个部分，从听、说、读、写四个方面考查雅思考生的英语语言能力。大部分考生认为这四部分是各自为营，互无关联的，而实际上并非如此。其中，阅读和写作的关系最为密切的，因此也就有了“阅写不分家”的说法。考生们如果在准备雅思考试的过程中能够把阅读和写作结合起来，双管齐下，就可以收到一箭双雕的效果。

话题的结合

很多考生在写作文的过程中，通常抱怨没有思路，无话可说；而在做阅读的过程中，考生又常常抱怨文章看不懂，不知所云。实际上很多雅思阅读文章和雅思大作文话题类似，考生如果在准备雅思的过程中能把两者很好地结合，就不会出现作文没有思路，阅读不知所云的情况了，因为考生可以运用写作中所积累的知识，猜出类似话题的阅读文章中的内容，同样也可以运用雅思阅读文章中的内容来构思大作文。

在剑4 test2 passage 1 Lost for Words 这篇文章中就涉及了语言消亡的原因、影响及拯救办法：

The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly. （原因）

Why do people reject the language of their parents? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community find itself along a larger, wealthier society. People lose faith in their own culture. （原因）

Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity. （原因）

The deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization. （原因）

When an unwritten and unrecorded language disappears, it is lost to science. （影响）

Language is intimately bound up with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other. （影响）

The loss of diversity may also deprive us of different ways of looking at the world. （影响）

The key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue, as well as the dominant language. （拯救措施）

而在雅思写作考试中，也经常考到此类话题的大作文：

l The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

l Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.

l Some people think that we should invent a new language for international communication. Do the benefits of this outweigh the problems?

l In the past, people used to travel to see the difference from their home country. However, the sceneries in places around the world seem similar nowadays. What are the causes of these similarities? Do you think that the advantages of this similarity outweigh the disadvantages?

在剑2 test3 passage 2 THE MOTOR CAR中涉及到了汽车的积极影响、负面影响和解决办法：

This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety. （负面影响）

The concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. （负面影响）

The invention of motor vehicle bring personal mobility to the masses and made rapid delivery possible over a much wider area. （积极影响）

Cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. （积极影响）

Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. （负面影响）

Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour. （负面影响）

Car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland, and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on. （负面影响）

Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the efficiency of engines. （解决办法）

But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depends on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. （解决办法）

One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary——all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. （解决办法）

A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small “low emission” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. （解决办法）

Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. （解决办法）

在雅思写作考试中，类似话题的大作文考题出现频率非常高：

l One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

l The best way to solve the world’s environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

l Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment. Only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

l The consumption of the resources on the earth is increasing at an alarming rate and above a dangerous level. What are the causes of this? What can be done to reduce it?

l The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use?

l Some believe that environmental protection is very important but they do not do anything about it. Why does it happen? How can we do to solve the problem?

l Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries, but in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a positive or a negative development?

l Nowadays, technology developments are causing environmental problems. Many people think that we should live a simpler life while others believe that technology can solve environmental problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

l Some people believe that environmental problems are too big for individuals to deal with, while others think that individuals should take some actions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

l The environment problems facing today's world are so great that there is little ordinary people can do to improve the situation. Government and large companies should be responsible for reducing the amount of damage being done to the environment. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

因此，建议雅思烤鸭们在准备雅思考试的过程中，一定要把类似话题的阅读文章内容和大作文构思相结合，做到一箭双雕。

单词&短语的结合

很多雅思考生都会问老师，雅思阅读高频词及词组应该如何去记忆，因为他们在记忆高频词&词组的过程中经常发现很多词尽管在背时花了很大精力，可背过很容易被忘记。其实这很正常，这部分考生仅仅是做到了用心去背单词&词组，却没有重复并真正地去使用这些单词&词组，建议考生们只有自己真正地去使用这些单词和词组，印象才会深刻，对它们的记忆也就相对简单多了，而且不会轻易忘记。

而在雅思写作评分标准的词汇资源与多样性中要求考生如果想拿高分就必须做到：词汇使用丰富，有一定的准确性和灵活性；能够使用较不常见的单词和短语，对语体和搭配有所了解。因此很多考生也会产生疑惑，究竟什么样的单词和短语属于不常见的呢？甚至有很多考生拼命查英语词典，找一些生僻词用到作文里，殊不知，很多生僻词已经过时，而这样的生僻词反而会导致他们的作文分数很低。实际上评分标准中的“较不常见的单词和短语”即为我们所谓的写作高分词及词组，而我们在雅思阅读文章中所接触并要求记忆的阅读高频词和词组即为这样的写作高分词及词组。如：

○More and more cars will lead to many serious problems.

运用高分词及词组（阅读高频词及词组）后：

Increasing numbers of cars will give rise to/ contribute to numerous severe problems.

○ The world population is increasing at a fast speed.

运用高分词及词组（阅读高频词及词组）后：

The world population is soaring.

或 The world population is increasing at an alarming rate.

其它常见词和表达及其对应的高分词及表达有：

常见表达：                                        高分词及表达：

be due to/ because of/ result from             be attributed to / be blamed on

housework                                 household chores/ domestic tasks

family                                          household

by chance                                      accidentally

look like                                       resemble

danger                                          hazard

dangerous                                       hazardous

copy                                            duplicate/reproduce

poison                                           toxin

poisonous                                        toxic

before                                           prior to/ previous to

first                                              original/ initial

famous for something bad                         notorious

almost                                           virtually

move                                            migrate

think of                                         conceive

native                                            indigenous

因此建议考生们在准备雅思考试的过程中，最好把阅读和写作结合起来，在背完阅读高频词后，积极地在写作中去运用这些高频词，这样不仅写作水平得到提高，高频词的记忆也会变得容易许多，而不会边背边忘了。

语法的结合

雅思阅读考试的一个典型特点是阅读量大，文章中会出现很多的长句，考察考生们从句子的主干成分——主谓结构入手，对并列句、比较句、指代句、复合句和双重否定句充分把握，并且结合句子上下文，正确理解掌握其要表达的意思的能力。而这对于很多语法不是很好的雅思烤鸭们来说是一个很难跨越的门槛。实际上，语法的学习也并没有那么难，阅读中常考到的复杂一些的语法也无外乎主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、分词、动名词、不定时等。考生们可以把高中时的英语语法复习一下，或者买一本语法书，把这些语法再重新学习一下即可，当然要达到好的效果，依然需要和写作结合起来。

写作中最后一项评分标准为：灵活使用多种结构；大部分语句无误；极偶尔情况下出现错误或不准确。而其中灵活使用多种结构即指语法结构的多样性，也就是考生们需要在作文中使用多种句式，避免句式的重复。考生们想提高自己写作的分数就应该努力学习并模仿阅读文章中的长句。如：

○主语从句

阅读中：

Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance.

写作中的运用：

Where we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache to many governments. 在哪儿处置日益增多的垃圾对很多政府而言是件头痛的事。

○宾语从句

阅读中：

But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries.

写作中的运用：

It is the major contributor to why large numbers of young females commit crimes recently.这就是为什么近年来许多年轻妇女犯罪的主要原因。

阅读中：

Indeed when the champion tennis player Ivan Lendl was asked what the single thing was that he would choose in order to improve his game, he said he would like to become a left-hander.

写作中的运用：

It is hard to imagine what effects garbage will exert on our lives. 很难想象垃圾将对我们的生活造成什么影响。

○表语从句

阅读中：

The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of ‘normal’ societies.

写作中的运用：

The reason why many students go to study abroad is that they can have opportunities to appreciate foreign culture and master a foreign language. 许多年轻的学生去国外学习是因为他们有机会品味外国文化和掌握一门外语。

○定语从句

阅读中：

The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.

写作中的运用：

Those students who hold a foreign degree seem to be more confident and independent.拥有外国学位的学生似乎更加自信、独立。

○动名词

阅读中：

Preserving historic buildings or keeping only their facades (or fronts) grew common.

写作中的运用：

Gazing at the flickering screen is a boring and tiring experience. 盯着闪烁的屏幕是一件索然无味和累人的经历。