SAT阅读讲义

tuangouhun

    一．SAT考试简介
    1. 考试结构
    3 h
and 45 mi

    10 sectio
(3 for Math 3 for Writing 3 for Reading plus a variable
    section)
    2. 选项设置
    一共5个选项： 蒙猜答案的几率下降；审查选项的时间增加
    3. 评分标准
    √   1 point
    ○   0 point
    ×   -1/4 point
    不鼓励Random guess，不仅考察学术能力，还考察学术态度
    二、SAT阅读考试简介
    1. 考试时间和分项组成
    Type of Qs No. of Qs Time
    Allotted
    Sentence
    Completion 19 70 mi

    (including two 25-min sectio

    and   one 20-min section)
    Passage-based Reading 48
    Total Qs 67
    2. 文章特点简介
     导言
     source, time, background,
    author (status), key words, theme, etc.
     题材
    一黑妹生自文艺社
     移民文化 （cross-culture and emigration）
     黑人土著 (Black America
& Native
    America
)
     女性女权 (women & feminism)
     生物环境 (biology &
    environment)
     自然科学 (natural science)
     文学作品 (literary fiction)
     艺术评论 (art criticism)
     社会研究 (social studies)
     类型
     根据文章体裁：non-literary  / literary
    fiction
     根据文章长度：short passage / long passage
     根据文章数量：single passage / paired passages
    排列组合之后考试时所见到的文章类型有：
     SSP （short single passage）
     SPP （short paired passages）
     LSP (long single passage) (non-literary)
     LF (literary fiction)
     LPP (long paired passages)
    我将会在后面的课程中一一向大家进行阅读策略的介绍。
    3. 题型及考查比重 （2005年10月到2009年5月）
     推理（8）
     细节（6）
     态度（6）
     词汇（5）
     作用（5）
     例子（3）
     主旨（3）
     互联（5）
     求同（2）
     求异（2）
     修辞（2）
     外援（1）
     符号（0 or 1）
    三．文章类型及阅读策略
    1. Strategy for SSP
     Quantity: 2
     Format: P + 2 Qs
     Word count: 100-150 /p
     Required time: 2-3 mi
/p
    ① Scan 2 Qs quickly
    A. Find the
    clue words;
    B. Identify
    the type of Q if possible;
    ② Read the passage and take BRIEF notes if necessary;
    ③ Scrutinize optio
;
    ④ Select the best choice. (ABCDE and leave it blank)
    文章示范：新OG P577-9-10
    That nineteenth-century French novelist Honore de Balzac could be
    financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in life
    was an irony duplicated in other matte
. For i
tance, the very
    women who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of the
    female heart that he showed in his novels were appalled to discover
    how i
e
itive and awkward the real man could be. It seems that
    the true source of creation for Balzac was not se
itivity but
    imagination. Balzac’s fiction originally sprang from an intuition
    he fi
t discovered as a wretched little school boy locked in a
    dark closet of his boarding school: life is a prison, and only
    imagination can open its doo
.
    9. The example in lines 4-8 primarily suggests that_______
    A. Balzac’s work was not especially popular among female
    reade

    B. Balzac could not write convincingly about financial
    matte

    C. Balzac’s i
ights into character were not evident in his
    everyday life
    D. people who knew Balzac pe
onally could not respect him as an
    artist
    E. reade
had unreasonable expectatio
of Balzac the man
    10. The author mentio
Balzac’s experience as a schoolboy in order
    to
    A. explain why Balzac was unable to conduct his financial affai

    properly
    B. point out a possible source of Balzac’s powerful
    imagination
    C. exonerate the boarding school for Balzac’s lackluster
    performance
    D. foster the impression that Balzac was an unruly student
    E. depict the conditio
of boarding school life during Balzac’
    youth
    举例说明概述题  (purpose of example)
     ID：
    The author mentio
/quotes/cites/uses/describes/discusses sth to/
    in order to…
    The example in line X suggests/emphasizes/illustrates…
    The reference to X provides/presents an example/examples of …
     Structure:
    ① TS. + (For i
tance/example),+ example.
    ② Example. + Conclusion.
    ③ TS+(such as/by)+example.
     Solution:
    瞻前顾后，外加自恋！TS/C详读，例子本身可以扫读或阅读。
    <That nineteenth-century French novelist Honore de
    Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all
    his money in life> was an irony
    <duplicated in other matte
>.
     It was an irony <that… in
    life>.
    题目示范：
    Each passage below is followed by questio
based on its content.
    A
wer the questio
on the basis of what is stated or
    implied.
    in each passage and in any introductory material that may be
    provided.
    Questio
6-7 are based on the following passage.
     Choice of language frequently
    plays a significant role in the development of the Hispanic
    American writer's voice and message. "I lack language," wrote
    .Cherrie Moraga, author of Loving in the War Yea
: lo quenunca
    pas6 por sus labios. The use of two languagesin the title itself
    expresses the difficulty that the author perceives in narrating
    pe
onal experience in one language when one has lived in
    another.
    6. The author cites Moraga's book primarily in order to
    (A)
    emphasize the challenges that some Hispanic American write
face
    in getting their work published
    (B)
    celebrate the achievements of a young Hispanic American
    novelist
    (C)
    demo
trate the expressiveness of a writer whohas mastered several
    languages
    (D) confirm
    that American write
are exploringnew artistic approaches
    (E)
    illustrate a dilemma that Hispanic Americanwrite
often face
    态度题 (attitude)
     ID：
    tone, attitude, reaction, respo
e, feeling, sentiment, expression,
    view, regard，describe, portray, characterize
     Type:
    ① positive attitude
    ② negative attitude
    ③ mixed attitude
     Solution:
    ① 从情感态度词和转折句判断态度类型
    ② 从作者语气辨别字面态度/反语态度
    ③ 用态度评价原则排除错误选项
    举例示范：
    Students’ attitude toward NN can best be described as
     A.好棒 B.好土 C.好 D.好cuo  E.好吃
    文章示范：
     Questio
8-9 are based on the
    following passage.
    The science fiction masterpiece 2001: A Space
    Odyssey~will probably be remembered be~t for the
    finely honed portrait of HAL, the Heuristically pro-
    Line grammed ALgorithmic computer that could not only
    5 reason but also experience human feelings and
    anxiety.
    Surprisingly, perhaps, compute
have in some ways
    surpassed writer Arthur C. Clarke's and film director
    Stanley Kubrick's vision of computing technology
    at the turn of the millennium. Today's compute
are
    lO vastly smaller and more portable than HAL and
    use
    software interfaces that forgo the type of manual
    controls found on the spaceship that carded HAL.
    8. The author's attitude toward the "portrait" (line 3) is
    best characterized as one of
    (A) resentment
    (B) appreciation
    (C) confusion
    (D) awe
    (E) derision
    awe: a feeling of great respect usually mixed with fear or
    wonder.
    文章示范：
    Questio
13-25 are based on the following passage.
    This passage is excerpted from a novel published in 1970.
    As the passage begi
, four men are looking at a map in preparation
    for a canoe trip.
    It unrolled slowly, forced to show its colo
, curling and snapping
    back whenever one of us turned loose. The whole land was very te
e
    until we put our four stei
on Line its corne
and laid the river
    out to run for us through the mountai
150 miles north. Lewis'
    hand took a pencil and marked out a small strong X in a place where
    some of the green bled away and the paper changed with high ground,
    and began to work dow
tream, northeast to southwest through the
    printed woods. I watched the hand rather than the location, for it
    seemed to have power over the terrain, and when it stopped for
    Lewis' voice to explain something, it was as though all streams
    everywhere quit running, hanging silently where they were to let
    the point be made. The pencil turned over and pretended to sketch
    in with the eraser an area that must have been around fifty miles
    long, through which the river hooked and cramped.
    "When they take another survey and rework the map," Lewis said,
    "all this in here will be blue. The dam at Aintry has already been
    started, and when it's finished next spring the river will back up
    fast. This whole valley will be under water. But right now it's
    wild. And I mean wild; it looks like something up in Alaska. We
    really ought to go up there before the real estate people get hold
    of it and  make it over into one of their
    heave
."
    I leaned forward and concentrated down into the invisible shape he
    had drawn, trying to see the changes that would come, the nighttime
    rising of dammed water bringing a new lake up with its choice lots,
    its marinas and beer ca
, and also trying to visualize the land as
    Lewis said it was at that moment, unvisited and free. I breathed in
    and out once, co
ciously; my body, particularly the back and arms,
    felt ready for something like this. I looked around the bar and
    then back into the map, picking up the river where we would enter
    it. A little way to the southwest the paper blanched.
    "Does this mean it's higher here?" I asked.
    Yes, Lewis said, looking quickly at me to see if I saw he was being
    tolerant.
    Ah, he's going to turn this into something, I thought. A lesson. A
    moral. A life principle. A Way.
    "It must run through a gorge or something" was all he said though.
    "But we can get through that in a day, easy. And the water should
    be good, in that part especially."
    I didn't have much idea what good meant in the way of river water,
    but for it to seem good to Lewis it would have to meet some very
    definite standards. The way he went about things was strictly his
    own; that was mainly what he liked about doing them. He liked
    particularly to take some extremely specialized and difficult
    form
    5o of sport--usually one he could do by himself--and evolve a
    pe
onal approach to it which he could then expound. I had been
    through this with him in fly casting, in archery and weight lifting
    and spelunking, in all of which he had developed complete
    mystiques. Now it was canoeing. I settled back and came out of the
    map.
    Bobby Trippe was there, across from me. He had smooth thin hair and
    a high pink complexion. I knew him least well of the othe
at the
    table, but I liked him a good deal, even so. He was pleasantly
    cynical and gave me the impression that he shared some kind of
    unde
tanding with me that neither of us was to take Lewis too
    seriously.
    "They tell me that this is the kind of thing that gets hold of
    middle-class householde
every once in a while," Bobby said. "But
    most of them just lie down till the feeling passes."
    "And when most of them lie down they're at
    Woodlawn* before they think about getting up," Lewis said.
    * A cemetery.
    19. Lewis' use of the word "heave
" (line 24) is best
    characterized as
    (A) appreciative
    (B) deceitful
    (C) tentative
    (D) defe
ive
    (E) ironic
    2. Strategy for SPP
     Quantity: 1
     Format: P1 & P2 + 4～5 Qs
     Word count: 250-300/P1&P2
     Required time: 5-6 mi

    ① Read P1 & P2 and take BRIEF notes;
    A. read 1st sentence, last sentence and the sentences indicating
    change carefully;
    B. judge the relatio
hip btw 2 Ps: oppose (考查最多)/support/loosely
    related
    ② Read a question (clue words; type);
    ③ Scrutinize optio
;
    ④ Select the best choice.
    求异题
     ID:
    P1 diffe
from P2 in that________________
    Unlike P1, P2_________________________
    The contrast/difference between P1& P2 is that
    _____
    X in P1& P2 respectively
    ________________
    Compared to P1, P2____________________
    _____________________is in P1, but not in P2?
     Solution:
     Try to find the DF btw 2 Ps
    in
     ① view/attitude
     ② contents
     ③ style/ rhetoric
    求同题
     ID:
    P1 is similar/ analogous/ parallel /akin to P2 in
    that_______________
    Which of the following statement is shared by P1 &
    P2?
    Both passages__________
    X in P1 is most like ________ in P2?
    What do P1& P2 have in common?
     Solution:
     先找交集;
     若无交集，再找补集并取反.
    互联题
     ID:
    ① Which best describes the relatio
hip between the two
    passages?
    ② ____ in one passage would most likely + VERB +___ in another
    passage?
    TYPES OF VERBS:
    ↑support/ exemplify/agree with/espouse/strengthen
    ↓weaken/undermine/discredit/criticize/damage
    ？respond to/react to/ claim/assert/argue/
    contend /suggest/co
ider/
    interpret /view/regard
     Solution:
    ① 弄清题干中的已知信息
    ② 根据另一篇文章内容和题干中的动词找出最佳选项
    文章示范：
     The passages below are
    followed by questio
based on their content; questio
following a
    pair of related passages may also
    .  be based on the relatio
hip between the paired
    passages. A
wer the questio
on the basis of what is stated or ~
    in the
     passages and in any
    introductory material that may be provided.
    Questio

    6-9 are based on the following passages.
    Passage
    1
    The eighteenth-century botanist Carolus Linnaeus'
    enormous and
    essential contribution to natural history
    was to
    devise a system of classification whereby any
    Line plant or animal could be identified and slotted into
    5 an overall plan. Yet Linnaeus himself would
    probably
    have been
    the fi
t to admit that classification is only
    a tool, and
    not the ultimate purpose, of biological
    inquiry.
    Unfortunately, this truth was not apparent
    to his
    immediate successo
, who for the next hundred
    10 yea
were to concern themselves almost exclusively
    with
    classification.
    Passage
    2
    I am a heretic about Linnaeus. ! do not dispute the
    value of the
    tool he gave natural science, but I am wary
    about the
    change it has effected on huma
' relatio
hip
    15 to the world. From Linnaeus on, much of science has
    been devoted
    to sorting masses into individual entities
    and
    arranging the entities neatly. The cost of having so
    successfully
    itemized and pigeonholed nature is to limit
    certain
    possibilities of seeing and apprehending. For
    20 example, the modem human thinks that he or she can
    best
    unde
tand a tree (or a species of tree) by examining
    a single
    tree. But trees are not intended to g~ow in isolation.
    They are
    social creatures, and their society in turn supports
    other
    species of plants, i
ects, birds, mammals, and micro-
    25 organisms, all of which make up the whole experience of
    the
    woods.
    6. Compared, to the author of Passage 2, the author
    of Passage 1 regards Linnaeus with more
    (A) cynicism
    (B) bafflement
    (C) appreciation
    (D) nostalgia
    (E) resentment
    7. Unlike the author of Passage 1, the author of Passage 2
     makes use of
     (A) scientific data
     (B) literary allusion
     (C) historical research
     (D) pe
onal voice
     (E) direct citation
    8. Both passages emphasize which of the following
     aspects of Linnaeus'
    work?
     (A) The extent to which it
    contributed to natural
    science
     (B) The way in which it limits
    present-day science
     (C) The degree to which it
    revived interest in biology
     (D) The decisiveness with
    which it settled scientific
    disputes
     (E) The kinds of scientific
    discoveries on which
    it built
    9. The author of Passage 1 would most likely respond
     to the opening of Passage 2
    (lines 12-17) by arguing
     that the author of Passage 2
    has
     (A) demo
trated that Linnaeus
    should be better
    known as a scientist than he currently is
     (B) minimized the achievements
    of those scientists
    who built on Linnaeus' work
     (C) refused to appreciate the
    importance of proper
    classification to scientific progress
     (D) failed to distinguish the
    ideas of Linnaeus from
    those of his followe

     (E) misunde
tood Linnaeus'
    primary contribution
    to natural history
    文章内容简介：P1:
    CL
    tool
    S
    P2: CL
    大
    小
    tool
    S
    Strategy for LSP （说明文，评论文）
     Quantity: 1 or 2
     Format: P+ 5 ～ 13 Qs
     Word count: 450-850/P
     Required time: 10±4 mi

    Structural reading strategy
    ① Scan the blurb and mark useful info;
    ② Read the crucial parts of the passage and take notes
    (3’-5’);
    ③ Read a question and its corresponding contents in the
    passage;
    ④ Select the best choice from optio
.
    Crucial parts of a passage
    You should read at least the followings:
    ① 1st sentences of each paragraph
    ② last sentences of 1st para & last para
    ③ major sentences indicating change
    文章示范：
    Questio
18-22 are based on the following passage.
    This excerpt discusses the relatio
hip between plants and their
    environments.
    Why do some desert plants grow tall and thin like organ pipes? Why
    do most trees in the tropics keep their leaves year round? Why in
    the Arctic tundra are there no trees at all? After many yea

    without convincing general a
we
, we now know much about what
    sets the fashion in plant design.
    Using terminology more characteristic of a thermal engineer than of
    a botanist, we can think of plants as mechanisms that must balance
    their heat budgets. A plant by day is staked out under the Sun with
    no way of sheltering itself. All day long it absorbs heat. If it
    did not lose as much heat as it gained, then eventually it would
    die: Plants get rid of their heat by warming the air around them,
    by evaporating water, and by radiating heat to the atmosphere and
    the cold, black reaches of space. temperature is tolerable for the
    processes of life.
    Plants in the Arctic tundra lie close to the ground in the thin
    layer of still air that clings there. A foot or two above the
    ground are the winds of Arctic cold. Tundra plants absorb heat from
    the Sun and tend to warm up; they probably balance most of their
    heat budgets by radiating heat to space, but also by warming the
    still air hat is trapped among them. As long as Arctic plants are
    close to the ground, they can balance their heat budgets. But if
    they should stretch up as a tree does, they would lift their
    working parts, their leaves, into the streaming Arctic winds.
    Then it is likely that the plants could not absorb enough heat from
    the Sun to avoid being cooled below a critical temperature. Your
    heat budget does not balance if you stand tall in the Arctic.
    Such thinking also helps explain other characteristics of plant
    design. A desert plant faces the opposite problem from that of an
    Arctic plant the danger of overheating. It is short of water and so
    cannot cool itself by evaporation without dehydrating. The familiar
    sticklike shape of desert plants represents one of the solutio
to
    this problem: the shape exposes the smallest possible surface to
    incoming solar radiation and provides the largest possible surface
    from which the plant can radiate heat. In tropical rain forests, by
    way of contrast, the scorching Sun is not a problem for plants
    because there is sufficient water.
    This working model allows us to connect the general characteristics
    of the forms of plants indifferent habitats with facto
such as
    temperature, availability of water, and presence or absence of
    seasonal differences. Our Earth is covered with a patchwork quilt
    of meteorological conditio
, and the patter
of this patchwork
    are faithfully reflected by the plants.
    18. q-he passage primarily focuses on which of the following
    characteristics of plants?
    (A) Their ability to grow equally well in all
    environments
    (B) Their effects on the Earth's atmosphere
    (C) Their ability to store water for dry
    periods
    (D) Their fundamental similarity of shape
    (E) Their ability to balance heat intake and
    output
    Questio
16-24 are based on the following passage.
    This passage is from a boo.k of nature writing published in
    1991.
    In North America, bats fall into mainly predictable
    categories: they are nocturnal, eat i
ects, and are rather
    small. But winging through their lush, green-black world,
    Line tropical bats are more numerous and have more exotic
    5 habits than do temperate species. Some of them
    feed on
    nectar that bat-pollinated trees have evolved to profit from
    their visits. Carnivorous bats like nothing better than a
    local
    frog, lizard, fish, or bird, which they pluck from the
    foliage
    or a moonlit pond. Of cou
e, some bats are vampires and
    10 dine on blood. In the movies, vampires are rather showy,
    theatrical types, but vampire bats rely on stealth and small,
    pinprick incisio
made by razory, triangular front teeth.
    Sleeping livestock are their usual victims, and they take
    care not to wake them. Fi
t, they make the classic incisio

    15 shaped like quotation marks; then, with saliva full of
    anti-
    coagulants so that the victim's blood will flow nicely, they
    .quietly lap
    their fill. Because this anticoagulant is not toxic
    to huma
, vampire bats may one day play an important
    role in the treatment of heart patients--that is, if we can
    2o just get over our phobia about them. Having studied them
    intimately, I now know that bats are sweet-tempered, useful,
    and fascinating creatures. The long-standing fear that many
    people have about bats tells us less about bats than about
    human fear.
    25 Things
    that live by night live outside the realm of
    "normal" time. Chauvinistic about our human need to
    wake by day and sleep by night, we come to associate night
    dwelle
with people up to no good, people who have the
    jump on the
    rest of us and are defying nature, defying their
    30 circadian rhythms.* Also, night is when we dream, and so
     - we picture the bats moving
    through a dreamtime, in which
    reality is warped. After all, we do not see very well at
    night; we do not need to. But that makes us nearly defe
e-
    less after dark. Although we are accustomed to tnastering
    35 our world by day, in the night we become vulnerable as
    prey. Thinking of bats as maste
of the night threate
the
    safety we daily take for granted. Though we are at the top
    of our food chain, if we had to live alone in the rain
    forest,
    say, and protect ou
elves agai
t roaming predato
, we
    40 would live partly in terror, as our ancesto
did. Our
    se
e
    of safety depends on predictability, so anything living
    outside the usual rules we suspect to be an outlaw, a ghoul.
    Bats have always figured as frightening or supernatural
    creatures in the mythology, religion, and supe
titioo of
    45 peoples everywhere. Finnish peasants once believed that
    their souls rose from their bodies while they slept and flew
    around the countryside as bats, then returfied to them by
    morning. Ancient Egyptia
prized bat parts as medicine
    for a variety of diseases. Perhaps the most mystical, ghoul-
    50 ish, and intimate relatio
hip between bats and huma

    occurred among the Maya about two thousand yea
ago.
    Zotzilaha Chamalc~in, their bat god, had a human body but
    the stylized head and wings of a bat. His image appea

    often on their alta
, pottery, gold ornaments, and stone
    55 pilla
. One especially frightening engraving shows the
    bat
    god with outstretched wings and a question-mark no~e, its
    tongue wagging with hunger, as it holds a human corpse in
    one hand and the human's heart in the other. A number of
    other Central American cultures raised the bat to the ulti-
    60 mate height: as god of death and the underworld. But it
    was Bram Stoker's riveting novel Dracula that turned
    small, furry mammals into huge, bloodsucking mo
te

    in the minds of English-speaking people. If vampires were
    sernihuman, then they could fascinate with their conniving
    65 cruelty, and thus a spill of horror books began to appear
    about the human passio
of vampires.
    * Circadian rhythr
are patter
of daily change within one's body
    that
    are determined by the time of day or night.
    16. The author's main point in the passage is that
    (A) there are only a few kinds of bats
    (B) huma
are especially vulnerable to nocturnal
    predato

    (C) bat saliva may have medicinal uses
    (D) only myth and literature have depicted the true
    nature of the bat
    (E) our perception of bats has its basis in human
    psychology
    主旨题
     ID:
    The passage serves mainly to __________
    The passage primarily focuses on __________
    The passage is primarily concerned with _______
    The main idea/ point/purpose of the passage is __________
    The passage as a whole is best described as _____________
    The passage as a whole a
we
which of the following question?
     solution:
     ① 画圈后做
     ② （导言）+ 关键词 + 重点句
    ↓
    （各段）首句
    （首末段）尾句
    重要转折句
    细节题之一：寻因题
     ID:
    because/due to/attribute to/in that
     Solution:
    根据题干中的结果，向前或向后找原因。
    文章示范：
    Questio
18-22 are based on the following passage.
    This excerpt discusses the relatio
hip between plants and their
    environments.
    Why do some desert plants grow tall and thin like organ pipes? Why
    do most trees in the tropics keep their leaves year round? Why in
    the Arctic tundra are there no trees at all? After many yea

    without convincing general a
we
, we now know much about what
    sets the fashion in plant design.
    Using terminology more characteristic of a thermal engineer than of
    a botanist, we can think of plants as mechanisms that must balance
    their heat budgets. A plant by day is staked out under the Sun with
    no way of sheltering itself. All day long it absorbs heat. If it
    did not lose as much heat as it gained, then eventually it would
    die: Plants get rid of their heat by warming the air around them,
    by evaporating water, and by radiating heat to the atmosphere and
    the cold, black reaches of space. temperature is tolerable for the
    processes of life.
    Plants in the Arctic tundra lie close to the ground in the thin
    layer of still air that clings there. A foot or two above the
    ground are the winds of Arctic cold. Tundra plants absorb heat from
    the Sun and tend to warm up; they probably balance most of their
    heat budgets by radiating heat to space, but also by warming the
    still air hat is trapped among them. As long as Arctic plants are
    close to the ground, they can balance their heat budgets. But if
    they should stretch up as a tree does, they would lift their
    working parts, their leaves, into the streaming Arctic winds.
    Then it is likely that the plants could not absorb enough heat from
    the Sun to avoid being cooled below a critical temperature. Your
    heat budget does not balance if you stand tall in the Arctic.
    Such thinking also helps explain other characteristics of plant
    design. A desert plant faces the opposite problem from that of an
    Arctic plant the danger of overheating. It is short of water and so
    cannot cool itself by evaporation without dehydrating. The familiar
    sticklike shape of desert plants represents one of the solutio
to
    this problem: the shape exposes the smallest possible surface to
    incoming solar radiation and provides the largest possible surface
    from which the plant can radiate heat. In tropical rain forests, by
    way of contrast, the scorching Sun is not a problem for plants
    because there is sufficient water.
    This working model allows us to connect the general characteristics
    of the forms of plants indifferent habitats with facto
such as
    temperature, availability of water, and presence or absence of
    seasonal differences. Our Earth is covered with a patchwork quilt
    of meteorological conditio
, and the patter
of this patchwork
    are faithfully reflected by the plants.
    20. According to the passage, which of the following is most
    respo
ible for preventing trees from growing tall in the
    Arctic?
    (A) The hard, frozen ground
    (B) The small amount of available su
hine
    (C) The cold, destructive winds
    (D) The large amount of snow that falls each
    year
    (E) The absence of seasonal differences in
    temperature
    21. The author suggests that the "sticklike shape of desert
    plants" (lines 41-42) can be attributed to the
    (A) inability of the plants to radiate heat to the air around
    them
    (B) presence of irregular seasonal differences in the desert
    (C) large surface area that the plants must expose to the Sun
    (D) absence of winds strong enough to knock down tall, thin
    plants
    (E) extreme heat and aridity of the habitat
    4. Strategy for LF
    Para by Para reading strategy
    ① identify the type of passage by scanning blurb (novel, memoir,
    autobiography, narrative, etc.);
    ② mark questio
related to 1st para according to line reference or
    clue words;
    ③ read 1st para and a
wer concerned questio
;
    ④ treat other Qs in other paragraphs similarly;
    ⑤ a
wer Qs abt the whole passage if any.
    文章示范：
    The passage below is followed by questio
based on its content.
    A
wer the questio
on the basis of what is stated or in the
    passage and in any introductory material that may be
    provided.
    Questio
7-19 are based on the following passage.
    This passage is adapted from a 1998 memoir in which
    the author recalls her childhood in Chicago in the 1960's.
    A trip to the library was like a great excu
ion to
    a different country. To get there, we had to walk a mile.
    But the distance between where we lived and where we
    Line  were going was much greater. To get there we
    traveled
    5 beyond the usual paramete
of school and
    church and the
    shopping strip we frequented, into the manicured law

    and garde
of Hyde Park. I loved the walk as much as
    the destination itself. In the middle of the anger that was
    my home and the upheaval of a changing world in which
    10  it seemed I had no place,
    our semimonthly excu
io
to
    the library were a piece of perfection. I had around me
    at one time all the people I loved best--my mother and
    brothe
and sister--and all the things I loved best--
    quiet, space, and books.
    15
    We went to the T. B. Blackstone Library, not far from
    Lake Michigan. You could easily miss the building if you
    didn't know what you were looking for. But once you
    were i
ide, you could never mistake it for anything else.
    We passed through two sets of heavy brass doo
to the
    20 lobby of the library, a great domed entrance
    with a ceiling
    adorned with what I used to imagine were the angels of
    books. They were great gilded figures armed with harps
    and with scrolls and other i
truments of learning.
    If we turned right, we could see an alcove with tables;
    25  this led, in turn, to a
    spacious reading room adorned with
    a gigantic and ancient globe that sat in front of the largest
    windows. At some point during every visit, I found my
    way into that room to touch the globe, to finger the ridges
    and the painted canvas already frayed and separating from
    30  its sphere. I liked to look
    at Africa, with the coded colo

    of the different countries like the Belgian Congo and
    Rhodesia, and try to remember which countries were
    fighting to be free just as we were struggling for civil
    rights. I had heard Daddy talking about the struggle,
    35  arguing with the television
    as someone discussed it on
    a news show. And I had seen pictures on the news of
    people gathered together marching. But I didn't really
    know anything about Africa except what I saw in the
    Tarzan movies, which I watched a lot, but thought were
    40 really strange. (Why did that White man live
    in a tree?)
    I read a lot of books about mythology, and then about
    science: not the missiles and spaceships Brother preferred,
    but the birds and the bees--literally. I brought home a
    giant book of birds and searched the skies and trees for
    45  anything other than robi

    and pigeo
. And I read about
    bees because I liked the idea that all of them listened to
    the queen and couldn't go on without her. I went through
    a phase of loving books with practical science experiments
    and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it
    5o on the sides of our apartment building to prove that it
    was
    co
tructed of limestone.  ~
    One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult
    section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott.
    I could tell
    from looking at the shelf that she'd written
    55 a lot of books, but I didn't know anything about her. I
    had learned
    from experience that titles weren't everything.
    A book that
    sounded great on the shelf could be dull once
    you got it
    home, and every bad book I brought home meant
    one less
    book to read until we went back in two weeks. So
    60 I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the fi
t
    paragraphs:
    "Christmas won't be Christmas without
    any presents," grumbled Jo, lying on the rug.
    "It's so dreadful to be poor!" sighed Meg,
    looking down at her old dress.
    65
    "I don't think it's fair for some girls to have
    plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing
    at all," added little Amy, with an injured sniff.
    "We've got Father and Mother and each
    other," said Beth contentedly from her comer.
    70 It was a
    good thing I'd already decided on some
    other books
    to take home, because I didn't look through
    the rest of
    the section that day. I read and read and read
    Little Women
    until it was time to walk home, and, except
    for a few
    essential interruptio
like sleeping and eating,
    75 I would not put it down until the end. Even the freedom
    to watch
    weekend television held no appeal for me in
    the wake of
    Alcott's story. It was about girls, for one thing,
    girls who
    could almost be like me, especially Jo. It seemed
    to me a
    shame that she wasn't Black; then our similarity
    8o would be complete. She loved to read, she loved to make
    up plays,
    she hated acting ladylike, she had a dreadful
    temper. I
    had found a kindred spirit.
    7. The author viewed the "semimonthly excu
io
"
    (line 10) with
    (A) apprehe
ion
    (B) detachment
    (C) resentment
    (D) pride
    (E) delight
    8. In
    lines 16-18 ("You could.., else"),
    the author distinguishes between
    (A) general and particular impressio

    (B) objective and subjective experiences
    (C) external and internal appearances
    (D) public and private observatio

    (E) true and false assumptio

    9. The tone of the statement in lines
    17-18
    ("But once.., else") is one of
    (A) arrogance
    (B) foreboding
    (C) conviction
    (D) diffidence
    (E) sarcasm
    10. The author'~ reaction to the "ceiling" (line
    20)
    conveys her
    (A) aspiratio
of becoming a novelist
    (B) distaste for religious imagery
    :   (C)
    puzzlement about artistic symbolism
    _
    (D) reverence for the library's educational
    ~:
    offerings
    i (E)
    discomfort in the presence of high
    i
    culture
    11. For the author, to "look at Africa" on the
    globe
    i' (line 30)
    served as a reminder of
    i (A) an
    American movement for social change
    (B) a pe
onal experience abroad
    (C) the dive
ity of cultures around the world
    (D) the ethnic dive
ity of her neighborhood
    (E) the influence of African politics on America
    i. 12. What does the description in lines 34-36 ("I had...
    show") suggest about the author's father?
    (A) He was uncomfortable discussing politics
    with his children.
    (B) He did not approve of most television news
    coverage.
    (C) He had strong feelings about the Civil Rights
    ~
    movement.
    (D) He generally had a pessimistic worldview.
    (E) He was an outspoken public advocate for equal rights.
    13．The
    author refe
to“Tarzan movies”in line 39
    to
    demo
trate that，as a child，she had
    fA)no
    concer
about the authenticity of most
    films
    (B)a
    preference for watching movies rather
    than reading
    books
    fC)a
    fascination with movie acto

    (D)limited
    knowledge about Africa
    (E)little
    interest in fictional characte

    14．The primary purpose 6f the fourth
    paragraph
    (1ines
    4151)is to
    (A)contrast
    the books about mythology
    and science
    that the author had been
    ’
    reading
    (B)discuss
    why the author enjoyed books
    that were
    about birds and bees
    (C)characterize the author’S reading interests
    during a
    particular period of time
    (D)distinguish between books preferred by
    j the author and those preferred by her
    brother
    (E)provide
    several examples of practical
    science
    experiments that the author
    conducted
    15．Lines
    52．60(“One Saturday…paragraphs”)
    suggest that
    the author accepted which of the
    following
    generalizatio
about books?
    fA)Books
    seem duller when read in libraries
    ‘than when
    read at home．
    (B)Interesting books are often very dull
    in their
    fi
t few paragraphs．
    。 (C)Novels
    are usually more interesting
    than
    nonfiction works．
    fD)Book
    titles can sometimes be misleading．
    (E)Books are
    rarely as interesting as their titles．
    16．The
    author uses an extended quote in lines 6169
    ("Christmas．．．corner”)as part of a larger attempt to
    (A)convey
    the impact of an unexpected discovery
    (B)illustrate the suddenness of a decision
    (C)simulate
    a child’S misconceptio

    (D)criticize
    the artificiality of the“young adult”
    classification
    (E)describe
    a young reader’S se
e of history
    17. In line 65, "fair" most nearly mea

    (A)
    comely
    (B)
    temperate
    (C)
    equitable
    (D)
    auspicious
    (E)
    mediocre
    18. The description in lines 70-75 ("It was.., end")
    suggests
    that the author found Little Women to be
    (A)
    bewildering
    ,
    (B) unremarkable
    (C) hilarious
    (D) profound
    (E) captivating
    19. The list in lines 80-82 ("She loved.., temper")
    serves
    primarily to
    (A) support
    a hypothesis
    (B)
    challenge an interpretation
    (C)
    emphasize an inco
istency
    (D)
    substantiate a comparison
    (E) develop
    a critique
    (一) 移民文化 （cross-culture and emigration）
    1. cultural assimilation &
    conflict
    2. pe
onal identity → view
    (traditional identity/current identity/complex identity)
    3. pe
onal experience → emotion
    (negative mood/positive mood/ambivalent or conflicting
    emotio
)
    推理题
    推理题
     ID:  infer, suggest, imply,
    convey, indicate, demo
trate
     Solution:
    choose a statement which is a logical development of the
    information the author has provided in the passage.
     正选两大原则
    △ 对应原则：find the synonymous words or similar expression in the
    optio

    △ 逆向思维：reve
e thinking （相对论or 是与非）
    题目示范：
     Questio
10-15 are based on
    the following passage.
     This passage was adapted from
    a 1995 book about
     astronomy.
    Apart from the Moon and occasional comets and
     asteroids, Venus is often our
    nearest neighbor. Its orbit
     brings it closer to Earth than
    any other planet--only
     26 million miles away at
    certain times. Despite that
    5 proximity, for a long time it was generally termed "the
     planet of mystery." This is
    because the atmosphere of
     Venus is so de
e and so
    cloud-laden that its surface
     is permanently hidden from
    sight.
    The fi
t attempt to learn more about Venus was to
     analyze its upper atmosphere
    using spectroscopic methods.
     In size and mass, Venus is
    almost the equal of Earth, and
     its gravitational field is
    only slightly weaker than ou
, so
     that logically it might be
    expected to have the same kind
     of atmosphere--but this is
    emphatically not so. Scientists
     found that the main
    co
tituent of its atmosphere is carbon
     dioxide. Since this is a heavy
    gas that would be expected to
     sink, it was reasonable to
    assume that carbon dioxide made
     up most of the atmosphere down
    to ground level. Carbon
     dioxide acts in the manner of
    a greenhouse, trapping
     the Sun's heat, so it followed
    that Venus was likely to be
     a very torrid sort of
    world.
    Yet opinio
differed. According to one theory, the
     clouds contained a great deal
    of water. It was even claimed
     that the surface might be
    largely ocean covered, in which
    25 case the atmospheric carbon dioxide would have fouled
     the water and produced seas of
    soda water. Another intrigu-
     ing theory made Venus very
    similar to the Earth of over
     200 million yea
ago. There
    would be ma
hes, luxuriant
     vegetation of the fern and
    ho
etail variety, and primitive
    30 life-forms such as giant dragonflies. If so, then Venus
     might presumably evolve the
    same way Earth has done.
    In 1962 the American probe Mariner 2 bypassed
     Venus at less than 22,000
    miles and gave us our fi
t
     reliable information. The
    surface proved to be very hot
     indeed; we now know that the
    maximum temperature is
     almost 500~C. The atmosphere
    really is almost pure carbon
     dioxide, and those shining
    clouds are rich in sulfuric acid.
     All ideas Of a pleasant,
    oceanic Venus had to be abandoned.
     In 1975 Venera 9, a Russian
    automatic lander, visited Venus
    40 and sent back pictures direct from the surface. The
    scene--
     a rocky, scorched
    landscape--could hardly be more hostile.
     Subsequent probes have
    confirmed this impression.
    Why is Venus so unlike Earth? The a
wer can only lie
    in its
    lesser distance from the Sun. It seems that in the early
    45 days of the solar system the Sun was less luminous than it
    is now, in
    which case Venus and Earth mayhave started
    to evolve
    along the same lines, but when the Sun became
    more
    powerful the whole situation changed. Earth, at
    93 million
    miles, was just out of harm's way, but Venus,
    50  at 67 million, was not. The water in ocea

    vaporized, the
    carbonates
    were driven out of the rocks, and in a relatively
    short time
    on the cosmic scale, Venus was tra
formed from
    a
    potentially life-bearing world into the inferno of today.
    14. The statement in lines 32-34 ("In 1962... informa-
    tion")
    suggests that the
    (A) quality
    of the data surprised the scientists
    (B) evidence
    collected earlier was relatively
    untrustworthy
    (C) records
    had been lost for a long time before
    scientists rediscovered them
    (D) probe
    allowed scientists to formulate a completely
    new theory
    (E) data
    confirmed an,obscure and implausible theory
    Questio
17-24 are based on the following passage.
    The following is excerpted from an essay written in 1995
    to acquaint a general audience with new developments in
    research on play among animals.
    Co
ider the puppy. At only three weeks of age, this
    tiny ball of fur has already begun gnawing, pawing, and
    tugging at its littermates. At four to five weeks, its antics
    Line rival those of a rambunctious child, chasing and
    wrestling
    5 with its siblings at all hou
of the day and
    night.
    Such behavior is not unusual among social mammals.
    From human children to whales to sewer rats, many groups
    of mammals and even some birds play for a significant
    fraction of their youth. Brown bear cubs, like puppies and
    10 kitte
, stalk and wrestle with one another in
    imaginary
    battles. Deer play tag, chasing and fleeing from one
    another. WOlves play solitary games with rocks and sticks.
    Chimpanzees tickle one another.
    However fascinating these displays of youthful exu-
    15  berance may be, play among
    animals was ignored by
    scientists for most of this century. Biologists assumed
    that this seemingly purposeless activity had little effect on
    animal development, was not a distinct form of behavior,
    and was too nebulous a concept either to define or to study.
    20 Even the term "play" caused problems for
    researche
,
    because it suggests that watching animals goof off is not
    an activity for serious scientists.
    But a steady accumulation of evidence over the past
    two decades now suggests that play is a distinct form of
    25  behavior with an important
    role in the social, physical, and
    mental development of many animals. In one study, kitte
,
    mice, and rats were found to play the most at ages when
    permanent changes were occurring in their muscle fiber and
    the parts of their brai
regulating movement. Kitte
were
    30 most playful between 4 and 20 weeks of age;
    rats, from
    12 to 50 days; and mice, from 15 to 29 days. Development
    at those ages is comparable to that of a two-year-old human
    infant. At these precise times in the development of these
    animals, muscle fibe
differentiate and the connectio

    35 to areas of the brain regulating movement are
    made. Such
    changes apparently are not unique to kitte
, mice, and rats,
    but apply to mammals in general.
    Thus, research on play has given biologists an important
    tool with which to probe the development of the brain and
    40 motor systems of animals. The study on rats,
    kitte
, and
    mice may, for i
tance, provide a physiological explanation
    for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds
    of behavior that they will later use as adults. By stalking
    and capturing imaginary prey over and over again, a kitten
    45 builds its muscle and brain connectio
in a
    way that allows
    it to perform those actio
later in life.
    Play may also provide i
ight into the social develop-
    ment of animals. When the rough-and-tumble of play ends
    traumatically with a yelp or a shriek, young animals may
     .so be learning the limits of
    their strength and how to control
    themselves among othe
. Those are essential lesso
for an
    animal living in a close-knit group. Perhaps, some scientists
    guess, as
    mammals gathered into social groups, play took
    on the
    function of socializing membe
of the group. Not
    55  everyone agrees with this theory, though.
    Another expla-
    nation is
    that play may not have evolved to cbnfer any
    advantage
    but is simply a co
equence of higher cognitive
    abilities or
    an abundance of nutrition and parental care.
    Why did play evolve? No one knows for certain, but
    6o after ten yea
of studying brown bea
,o,f Alaska, biolo-
    :
    gist R~o,b,
    ert Fagen,,has his own opinion. Why do peopl_~,
    dance? he
    asks. Why do birds sing? For the bea
, we re
    becoming
    increasingly convinced that aesthetic facto
ar~
    primary."
    Sometimes, that is, animals play simply for the
    65  fun of it.
    24. In lines 61-64, Fagen compares bea
playing to people
    dancing in order to suggest that both activities
    (A) have little practical function
    (B) involve peer groups in shared physical activity
    (C) promote physical coordination
    (D) are often observed in younger animals
    (E) are commonly associated with social development
    作用题
     ID:
    The words/sentences/paragraph in line X serves mainly to
    _____________________
     Solution:
    ① 词语作用→特征描述
    Questio
13-24 are based on the following passage.
    This passage is adapted from a 1996 book on sleep
    research.
    To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to
    find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people
    might believe that measuring sleepiness is a fairly trivial
    Line  task. Couldn't you, for i
tance, simply
    count the number
    5  of times a pe
on yaw

    during any given hour or so?
    In most people's minds, yawning--that slow,
    exaggerated mouth opening with the long, deep inhalation
    of air, followed by a briefer exhalation--is the most
    obvious sign of sleepiness. It is a common behavior shared
    lO by many animals, including our pet dogs and
    cats but also
    crocodiles, snakes, birds, and even some fish. It is
    certainly
    true that sleepy people tend to yawn more than wide-awake
    people. It is also true that people who say they are bored by
    what is happening at the moment will tend to yawn more
    15  frequently. However,
    whether yawning is a sign that you
    are getting ready for sleep or that you are successfully
    fighting off sleep is not known. Simply stretching your
    body, as you might do if you have been sitting in the same
    position for a long period of time, will often trigger a
    yawn.
    20
    Unfortunately, yaw
don't just indicate sleepiness.
    In some animals, yawning is a sign of stress. When a dog
    trainer sees a dog yawning in a dog obedience class, it is
    usually a sign that the animal is under a good deal of
    pressure. Perhaps the handler is pushing too hard or moving
    25 too fast for the dog to feel in control of
    the situation.
    A moment or two of play and then turning to another
    activity is usually enough to banish yawning for quite
    a while.
    Yawning can also be a sign of stress in huma
. Once,
    30 when observing airborne troops about to take
    their fi
t
    parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldie
were
    sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A.M., just after
    a
    coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for
    a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I
    35  asked about this, the
    officer in charge laughed and said it
    was really quite a common behavior, especially on the
    fi
t jump.
    There is also a social aspect to yawning. Psychologists
    have placed acto
in crowded rooms and auditoriums and
    40 had them deliberately yawn. Within moments,
    there is
    usually an increase in yawning by everyone else in the
    room. Similarly, people who watch films or videos of
    othe
yawning are more likely to yawn. Even just reading
    about yawning tends to stimulate people to yawn.
    45 The truth
    of the matter is that we really don't know what
    purpose yawning serves. Scientists originally thought that
    the purpose of yawning was to increase the amount of
    oxygen in the blood or to release some accumulated carbon
    dioxide. We now know that this is not true, since increasing
    50 the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air
    seems not to
    make people
    more likely to yawn but to make them breathe
    faster to
    try to bring in more oxygen. On the other hand,
    breathing
    100 percent pure oxygen does not seem to reduce
    the
    likelihood of yawning.
    55 Since
    yawning seems to be associated with a lot more
    than the
    need for sleep, we obviously have to find some
    other
    measure of sleepiness. Some researche
have simply
    tried to ask
    people how sleepy they feel at any time using
    some sort of
    self-rating scale. There are, however,
    60 problems with getting people to make these types of
    judgments.
    Sometimes people simply lie to the researche

    when asked
    about how sleepy they are. This occu
because
    in many
    areas of society admitting that one is fatigued and
    sleepy is
    co
idered a mark of weakness or lack of
    65  ambition and drive. In other i
tances, people
    may admit
    they need
    four cups of coffee to make it through the
    morning, but
    it may never occur to them that this might be
    due to the
    fact that they are so sleepy that they need
    stimulation
    from caffeine to be able to do their required
    70 tasks. For these reaso
, many researche
have developed
    an alternate
    method to determine how sleepy a pe
on is.
    It is based
    upon a simple definition of sleep need: The
    greater your
    sleep need, or the sleepier you are, the faster
    you will
    fall asleep if given the opportunity to do so.
    16. The author mentio
the "coffee break" (line 33)
    to emphasize that a
    (A) brief respite was sorely needed
    ~ (B) given
    attitude was inappropriate
    (C) specific respo
e was unde
tandable
    (D) particular action was unnecessary
    (E) certain behavior was unexpected
    ②句子作用
    陈述句 →
    顺接解释；逆接反对；转移过渡 P476-6；P477-11(见复印页)
    一般问句 →引起关注或思考
    疑问句
    反意问句 →强调观点或态度
    文章示例：
    Questio
6-7 are based on the following passage.
    Properly speaking, a movement is a continuous,
    collective effort to bring about fundamental social
    reform. It is a collaborative rather than an individ-
    Line ualistic enterprise. No matter how many factio

    5  are involved, there is always a common
    objective~
    The Black freedom struggle of the 1960's was such
    an effort. Its objective was to tra
form the manner
    in which Black America
in the United States were
    viewed and treated~ And Black write
and artists,
    lO as a vital sector of the movement, sought to tra
-
    form the manner in which Black America
were
    represented or portrayed in literature and the arts.
    6. The fi
t sentence of the passage ("Properly speaking
    ~.. reform") primarily serves to
    (A) present a controve
ial opinion
    (B) question the effectiveness of a process
    (C) provide an example of an abstract idea
    (D) define the meaning of a term
    (E) offer a solution to a problem
    Questio
10-15 are based on the following passage.
    This passage was adapted from a 1995 book about
    astronomy.
    Apart from the Moon and occasional comets and
    asteroids, Venus is often our nearest neighbor. Its orbit
    brings it closer to Earth than any other planet--only
    Line 26 million miles away at certain times. Despite that
    s proximity, for a long time it was generally
    termed "the
    planet of mystery." This is because the atmosphere of
    Venus is so de
e and so cloud-laden that its surface
    is permanently hidden from sight.
    The fi
t attempt to learn more about Venus was to
    lO analyze its upper atmosphere using
    spectroscopic methods.
    In size and mass, Venus is almost the equal of Earth, and
    its gravitational field is only slightly weaker than ou
, so
    that logically it might be expected to have the same kind
    of atmosphere--but this is emphatically not so. Scientists
    15 found that the main co
tituent of its
    atmosphere is carbon
    dioxide. Since this is a heavy gas that would be expected to
    sink, it was reasonable to assume that carbon dioxide made
    up most of the atmosphere down to ground level. Carbon
    dioxide acts in the manner of a greenhouse, trapping
    20 the Sun's heat, so it followed that Venus was
    likely to be
    a very torrid sort of world.
    Yet opinio
differed. According to one theory, the
    clouds contained a great deal of water. It was even claimed
    that the surface might be largely ocean covered, in which
    25 case the atmospheric carbon dioxide would have
    fouled
    the water and produced seas of soda water. Another intrigu-
    ing theory made Venus very similar to the Earth of over
    200 million yea
ago. There would be ma
hes, luxuriant
    vegetation of the fern and ho
etail variety, and primitive
    30 life-forms such as giant dragonflies. If so,
    then Venus
    might presumably evolve the same way Earth has done.
    In 1962 the American probe Mariner 2 bypassed
    Venus at less than 22,000 miles and gave us our fi
t
    reliable information. The surface proved to be very hot
    35 indeed; we now know that the maximum
    temperature is
    almost 500~C. The atmosphere really is almost pure carbon
    dioxide, and those shining clouds are rich in sulfuric acid.
    All ideas 0f a pleasant, oceanic Venus had to be abandoned.
    In 1975 Venera 9, a Russian automatic lander, visited Venus
    40 and sent back pictures direct from the
    surface. The scene--
    a rocky, scorched landscape--could hardly be more hostile.
    Subsequent probes have confirmed this impression.
    Why is Venus so unlike Earth? The a
wer can only lie
    in its lesser dis~nce from the Sun. It seems that in the
    early
     45 days of the solar system
    the Sun was less luminous than it
    is now, in which case Venus and Earth may have started
    to evolve along the same lines, but when the Sun became
    more powerful the whole situation changed. Earth, at
    93 million miles, was just out of harm's way, but Venus,
    50  at 67 million, was not. The water in ocea

    vaporized, the
    carbonates were driven out of the rocks, and in a relatively
    short time on the cosmic scale, Venus was tra
formed from
    a potentially life-bearing world into the inferno of today.
    11. The statement in lines 11-14 ("In size.., so")
    functio
primarily to
    (A) dismiss a plausible supposition
    (B) mock an outrageous claim
    (C) bolster an accepted opinion
    (D) summarize a particular experiment
    (E) undermine a controve
ial hypothesis
    ③段落作用→结论解释；转移过渡
    易错选项标志 (Types of eliminative optio
)
    ※ 错项标志之一：出现extreme words
    的选项
    ① most
    ② all, anyone, anything
    ③ everything, everyone
    ④ only, exclusively
    ⑤ few, little, seldom, rarely
    ⑥ never,
    ⑦ totally, utterly, completely, entirely,
    absolutely
    ⑧ overly, excessively, extremely,
    ※ 错项标志之二：随意比较
    △ A is superior to B
    △ A is as … as
    B
    △ A is more/better/adj+er than B
    ※ 错项标志之三：极端态度
    迷惑：baffle, bewilder, confuse, puzzle
    嫉妒： begrudge, cynicism,
    envious
    傲慢：arrogant, haughty, i
olent
    古怪：capricious, whimsical
    贪婪：greedy, grasping, ravenous,
    冷漠：apathetic,indifferent, nonchalant, u
ympathetic,
    发怒：indignation, outrage, rage, wrath
    其他：attack, hostile, resigned, resentment
    极端举例：
    Questio

    16-24 are based on the following passage.
    This passage is from a boo.k of nature writing published in
    1991.
    In North America, bats fall into mainly predictable
    categories: they are nocturnal, eat i
ects, and are rather
    small. But winging through their lush, green-black world,
    Line tropical bats are more numerous and have more exotic
    5 habits than do temperate species. Some of them
    feed on
    nectar that bat-pollinated trees have evolved to profit from
    their visits. Carnivorous bats like nothing better than a
    local
    frog, lizard, fish, or bird, which they pluck from the
    foliage
    or a moonlit pond. Of cou
e, some bats are vampires and
    10 dine on blood. In the movies, vampires are rather showy,
    theatrical types, but vampire bats rely on stealth and small,
    pinprick incisio
made by razory, triangular front teeth.
    Sleeping livestock are their usual victims, and they take
    care not to wake them. Fi
t, they make the classic incisio

    15 shaped like quotation marks; then, with saliva full of
    anti-
    coagulants so that the victim's blood will flow nicely, they
    .quietly lap
    their fill. Because this anticoagulant is not toxic
    to huma
, vampire bats may one day play an important
    role in the treatment of heart patients--that is, if we can
    2o just get over our phobia about them. Having studied them
    intimately, I now know that bats are sweet-tempered, useful,
    and fascinating creatures. The long-standing fear that many
    people have about bats tells us less about bats than about
    human fear.
    25 Things
    that live by night live outside the realm of
    "normal" time. Chauvinistic about our human need to
    wake by day and sleep by night, we come to associate night
    dwelle
with people up to no good, people who have the
    jump on the
    rest of us and are defying nature, defying their
    30 circadian rhythms.* Also, night is when we dream, and so
     - we picture the bats moving
    through a dreamtime, in which
    reality is warped. After all, we do not see very well at
    night; we do not need to. But that makes us nearly defe
e-
    less after dark. Although we are accustomed to tnastering
    35 our world by day, in the night we become vulnerable as
    prey. Thinking of bats as maste
of the night threate
the
    safety we daily take for granted. Though we are at the top
    of our food chain, if we had to live alone in the rain
    forest,
    say, and protect ou
elves agai
t roaming predato
, we
    40 would live partly in terror, as our ancesto
did. Our
    se
e
    of safety depends on predictability, so anything living
    outside the usual rules we suspect to be an outlaw, a ghoul.
    Bats have always figured as frightening or supernatural
    creatures in the mythology, religion, and supe
titioo of
    45 peoples everywhere. Finnish peasants once believed that
    their souls rose from their bodies while they slept and flew
    around the countryside as bats, then returfied to them by
    morning. Ancient Egyptia
prized bat parts as medicine
    for a variety of diseases. Perhaps the most mystical, ghoul-
    50 ish, and intimate relatio
hip between bats and huma

    occurred among the Maya about two thousand yea
ago.
    Zotzilaha Chamalc~in, their bat god, had a human body but
    the stylized head and wings of a bat. His image appea

    often on their alta
, pottery, gold ornaments, and stone
    55 pilla
. One especially frightening engraving shows the
    bat
    god with outstretched wings and a question-mark no~e, its
    tongue wagging with hunger, as it holds a human corpse in
    one hand and the human's heart in the other. A number of
    other Central American cultures raised the bat to the ulti-
    60 mate height: as god of death and the underworld. But it
    was Bram Stoker's riveting novel Dracula that turned
    small, furry mammals into huge, bloodsucking mo
te

    in the minds of English-speaking people. If vampires were
    sernihuman, then they could fascinate with their conniving
    65 cruelty, and thus a spill of horror books began to appear
    about the human passio
of vampires.
    * Circadian rhythr
are patter
of daily change within one's body
    that
    are determined by the time of day or night.
    18. The discussion of vampire bats in the fi
t paragraph
    (lines 1-24) primarily suggests that
    (A) vampire bats are potentially useful creatures
    (B) movies about vampires are based only on North
    American bats
    (C) most tropical bats are not carnivorous
    (D) the saliva of vampire bats is more toxic than
    commonly supposed
    (E) scientists know very little about the behavior of
    most bats
    Questio
7-19 are based on the following passage.
    Since the advent of television, social commentato
have
    been evaluating its role in a modern society. In the
    following excerpt from an essay published in 1992, a
    German social commentator offe
a pointed evaluation
    of the evaluato
.
    "Television makes you stupid."
    Virtually all current theories of the medium come down
    to this simple statement. As a rule, this conclusion is
    deliv-
    Line ered with a melancholy undertone. Four principal
    theories
    5  can be distinguished.
    The manipulation thesis points to an ideological
    dime
ion. It sees in television above all an i
trument
    of political domination. The medium is unde
tood as a
    neutral vessel, which pou
out opinio
over a public
    10  thought of as passive. Seduced, u
uspecting
    viewe
are
    won over by the wire-pulle
, without ever realizing what
    is happening to them.
    The imitation thesis argues primarily in moral terms.
    According to it, television co
umption leads above all
    15  to moral dange
. Anyone who
    is exposed to the medium
    becomes habituated to libertinism, irrespo
ibility, crime,
    and violence. The private co
equences are blunted, cal-
    lous, and obstinate individuals; the public co
equences
    are the loss of social virtues and general moral decline.
    20  This form of critique draws,
    as is obvious at fi
t glance, on
    traditional, bourgeois sources. The motifs tl~at recur in
    this
    thesis can be identified as far back as the eighteenth
    century
    in the vain warnings that early cultural criticism sounded
    agai
t the dange
of reading novels.
    25
    More recent is the simulation thesis. According to it,
    the viewer is rendered incapable of distinguishing between
    reality and fiction. The primary reality is rendered unrecog-
    nizable or replaced by a secondary, phantomlike reality.
    All of these converge in the stupefaction thesis.
    30  According to it, watching
    television not only undermines
    the viewe
' ability to criticize and differentiate, along
    with
    the moral and political fiber of their being, but also
    impai

    their overall ability to perceive. Television produces,
    there-
    fore, a new type of human being, who can, according to
    35  taste, be imagined as a
    zombie or a mutant.
    All these theories are rather unconvincing. Their autho

    co
ider proof to be superfluous. Even the minimal criterion
    of plausibility does not worry them at all. To mention just
    one example, no one has yet succeeded in putting before
    40  us even a single viewer who
    was incapable of telling the
    difference between a family quarrel in the current soap
    opera and one at his or her family's breakfast table. This
    doesn't seem to bother the advocates of the simulation
    thesis.
    45
    Another common feature of the theories is just as curious
    but has even more serious co
equences. Basically, the
    viewe
appear as defe
eless victims, the programme

    as crafty criminals. This polarity is maintained with great
    seriousness: manipulato
and manipulated, acto
and
    50  imitato
, simulants and simulated, stupefie

    and stupefied
    face one another in a fine symmetry.
    The relatio
hip of the theorists themselves to television
    raises some important questio
. Either the theorists make
    no use of television at all (in which case they do not know
    55  what they are talking about) or they subject
    themselves to
    it, and then the question arises--through what miracle is
    the theorist able to escape the alleged effects of
    television?
    Unlike everyone else, the theorist has remained completely
    intact morally, can distinguish in a sovereign manner
    60  between decepti.on and reality, and enjoys
    complete
    immunity in the face of the idiocy that he or she sorrow~
    fully diagnoses in the rest of us. Or could--fatal loophole
    in the dilemma--the theories themselves be symptoms of
    a unive
al stupefaction?
    65
    One can hardly say that these theorists have failed to
    have any effect. It is true that their influence on what is
    actually broadcast is severely limited, which may be con-
    sidered distressing or noted with gratitude, depending on
    one' s mood. On the other hand, they have found ready
    70  listene
among politicia
. That is not
    surprising, for the
    conviction that one is dealing with millio
of idiots "out
    there in the
    country" is part of the basic psychological
    equipment of the professional politician. One might have
    second thoughts about the theorists' influence when one
    75  watches how the vetera
of televised election
    campaig

    fight each other for every single minute when it comes to
    displaying their limousine, their historic appearance before
    the guard of honor, their hai
tyle on the platform, and
    above all their speech orga
. The number of broadcast
    80  minutes, the camera angles, and the level of
    applause are
    registered with a touching enthusiasm. The politicia
have
    been particularly taken by the good old manipulation thesis.
    19. In the last paragraph, the author's attitude toward
    politicia

    is primarily one of
    (A) humorous
    contempt
    (B) outraged
    embarrassment
    (C) worded puzzlement
    (D) relieved resignation
    (E) begrudging sympathy
    5. Strategy for LPP
     Quantity: 1
     Format: P1&P2+12～13Qs
     Word count: 700-1000/P1+P2
     Required time: 15 mi
or so
    ① Scan the blurb;
    ② Read crucial parts of P1 and a
wer Qs abt P1;
    ③ Read crucial parts of P2 and a
wer Qs abt P2;
    ④ a
wer Qs abt P1&P2 based on the relatio
hip btw
    two passages.
    Qs about P1& P2
     ID:
    ① Both/two passages;
    ②
    P1…P2…;
    ③ Line 10-13….Line59-62…
     Location: Generally speaking, at the beginning
    or the end of all questio
.
     Quantity: 5 or so
    词汇题
     ID:
    X word / phrase in Line Y most nearly mea
_________________
     Solution:
    ① build up your vocabulary
    (self-torture or self-entertainment)
    parallelism
    ② in
    context
    contrast
    explanation
    ③ substitute
    collocation
    attitude
     同义关系
    文章示范：
    The passage below is followed by questio
based on its content.
    A
wer the questio
on the basis of what is stated or ~
    in the passage and in any introductory ma~rial
    that may be provided.
    Questio

    7-19 are based on the following passage.
    The
    following passage, set in the early 1970's, is from a
    1992 novel.
    The principal characte
, Virginia and Clayton,
    are two
    cellists in a college orchestra.
    She'd met lots of crazy musicia
, but no one like
    Clayton. He
    was as obsessed as the othe
, but he had a
    quirky se
e
    of humor, a slow ironic counterpoint to his
    Line own beliefs. And he didn't look quite like anyone else.
    5 He wore his hair parted dangerously near the
    middle and
    combed it in
    little ripples like Cab Calloway,1 though
    sometimes he let it fly up a bit at the ends in deference to
    the campus
    pressure for Afros. His caramel-colored skin
    darkened to toffee under fluorescent light but sometimes
    1o took on a golden sheen, especially in the
    vertical shafts of
    sunlight that poured into his favorite practice room where
    she'd often peek in on him--an uncanny complexion, as if
    the shades swirled just under the surface.
    Virginia' s friends gave her advice on how to get him.
    15 "You two can play hot duets together," they
    giggled.
    As it turned out, she didn't have to plan a thing. She was
    reading one afternoon outside the Fine Arts Building when
    the day suddenly turned cold. If she went back to the dorm
    for a sweater, she'd be late for orchestra rehea
al. So she
    20 stuck it out until a few minutes before
    rehea
al at four.
    By that time, her finge
were so stiff she had to run them
    under hot water to loosen them up. Then she hurried to the
    cello room, where all the i
truments were lined up like
    novitiates;2 she felt a strange reverence every time she
    25 stepped across the threshold into its cool
    serenity. There
    they stood, obedient yet voluptuous in their molded cases.
    In the dim light their plump forms looked sadly human, as
    if they were waiting for something better to come along but
    knew it wouldn't.
    30   Virginia
    grabbed her cello and was halfway down the
    hall when she realized she'd forgotten to leave her books
    behind. She decided agai
t turning back and continued to
    the basement,~ where the five-till-four pandemonium was
    breaking loose. Clayton was stuffing his books into his
    35 locker.
    "Hey, Clayton, bow's it going?"
    As if it were routine, he took her books and wedged
    them in next to his. They started toward the orchestra hall.
    Virginia cast a surreptitious glance upward; five minutes
    40 to four or not, Clayton was not rushing. His
    long, gangling
    frame seemed to be held together by molasses; he moved
    deliberately, negotiating the crush while humming a tricky
    passage from Schumann,3 sailing above the mob.
    After rehea
al she reminded him that her books were in
    45 his locker.
    "I think I'll go practice," he said. "Would you like to
    listen?"
    'Tll miss dinner," she replied, and was about to cu
e
    he
elf for her honesty when he said;"I have cheese and
    50 soup back at the fraternity house, if you don't mind the
    walk."
    The walk was twenty minutes of agonizing bliss, with
    the wind off the lake whipping her blue, and Clayton too
    involved with analyzing the orchestra's horn section to
    55 notice. When they reached the house, a brick building with
    a cru~mbling porch and weeds cracking the front path, she
    was nearly frozen through. He heated up a can of soup, and
    plunked the cheese down in the center of the dinette table.
    "It's not much,,' he apologized, but she was thinking
    60 A loaf of bread, a jug of wine,4 and felt sated before
    lifting
    the fi
t spoonful. The house was rented to Alpha Phi Alpha,
    one of three Black fraternities on campus. It had a musty
    tennis-shoes-and-ripe-laundry smell. Books and jackets were
    strewn everywhere, dishes piled in the sink.
    65 "When did
    you begin playing?" she asked.
    "I began late, I'm afraid," Clayton replied. "Ninth grade.
    But I felt at home immediately. With the music, I mean. The
    i
trument took a little longer. Everyone said I was too tall
    to be a cellist." He grimaced.
    70 Virginia
    watched him as he talked. He was the same
    golden brown as the i
trument, and his mustache followed
    the lines of the cello's scroll.
    "So what did you do?" she asked.
    "Whenever my height came up, I would say, 'Remember
    75 the bumblebee.' "
    "What do bumblebees have to do with cellos?"
    "The bumblebee, aerodynamically speaking, is too large
    for flight. But the bee has never heard of aerodynamics, so
    it flies in spite of the laws of gravity. I merely wrapped my
    80 legs and arms around the cello and kept playing."
    Music was the only landscape in which he seemed at ease.
    In that raunchy kitchen, elbows propped on either side of
    the cooling soup, he was fidgety, even a little awkward. But
    when he sat up behind his i
trument, he had the irresistible
    85 beauty of someone who had found his place.
    1 American jazz musician and bandleader (1907-1994)
    2 Pe
o
who have entered a religious order but have not yet taken
    final
    VOWS
    3 German composer (1810-1856)
    4 A reference to Edward Fitzgerald's "A jug of wine, a loaf of
    bread, and
    thou," a line from The Rubaiyat ofOmar Khayyam
    12. In line 42, "crush" most nearly mea

    (A)
    pressure
    (B)
    crowd
    (C)
    power
    (D)
    infatuation
    (E) critical
    condition
    crush: the quantity of material crushed; overabundance;
    crowd
    negotiate: get over or past sth successfully
     反义关系
    13. In context, “Shadowy” （line 41）primarily serves to suggest
    something
    (A) gloomy
    (B) secret
    (C) sinister
    (D) concealed
    (E) u
ubstantiated
    阅读原文Shadowy所在的41-42行“Shadowy imaginings do not usually hold up in
    the light of real experience.”可知，Shadowy imaginings与real
    experience语意相反，因此Shadowy的意思与unreal（不真实的，虚的）有关，所以正确答案为E项。
     解释关系
    16. In line21, “fantastic” most nearly mea

    (A) grotesque
    (B) agitating
    (C) eccentric
    (D) superb
    (E) fanciful
    阅读原文fantastic所在的19-21行“I had never been around children my own age,
    and they seemed to me to be almost fantastic, like the little elves
    and fairies that my father made up stories
    about.”可知，fantastic这个词用来解释作者眼中与自己同龄的小伙伴的特征，而 “like the little elves
    and fairies that my father made up stories
    about（就像是我爸爸编的故事中的小侏儒和小仙女）”
    则是对fantastic这个词的进一步解释说明。按照常理推断，作者的父亲给女儿编故事时提到的侏儒和仙女通常都是幻想或想象的产物，所以5个选项中与fantastic最为接近的当然是E项fanciful。
     语义搭配
    文章示范：
    Questio
17-24 are based on the following passage.
    The following is excerpted from an essay written in
    1995
    ~
    to acquaint a general audience with new developments in
    research on play among animals.
    Co
ider the puppy. At only three weeks of age, this
    tiny ball of fur has already begun gnawing, pawing, and
    tugging at its littermates. At four to five weeks, its antics
    Line rival those of a rambunctious child, chasing and
    wrestling
    5 with its siblings at all hou
of the day and
    night.
    Such behavior is not unusual among social mammals.
    From human children to whales to sewer rats, many groups
    of mammals and even some birds play for a significant
    fraction of their youth. Brown bear cubs, like puppies and
    10 kitte
, stalk and wrestle with one another in
    imaginary
    battles. Deer play tag, chasing and fleeing from one
    another. Wrlves play solitary games with rocks and sticks.
    Chimpanzees tickle one another.
    However fascinating these displays of youthful exu-
    15 berance may be, play among animals was ignored
    by
    scientists for most of this century. Biologists assumed
    that this seemingly purposeless activity had little effect on
    animal development, was not a distinct form of behavior,
    and was too nebulous a concept either to define or to study.
    20 Even the term "play" caused problems for
    researche
,
    because it suggests that watching animals goof off is not
    an activity for serious scientists.
    But a steady accumulation of evidence over the past
    two decades now suggests that play is a distinct form of
    25 behavior with an important role in the
    social, physical, and
    mental development of many animals. In one study, kitte
,
    mice, and rats were found to play the most at ages when
    permanent changes were occurring in their muscle fiber and
    the parts of their brai
regulating movement. Kitte
were
    30 most playful between 4 and 20 weeks of ag~;
    rats, from
    12 to 50 days; and mice, from 15 to 29 days. Development
    at those ages is comparable to that of a two-year-old human
    infant. At these precise times in the development of these
    animals, muscle fibe
differentiate and the connectio

    35 to areas of the brain regulating movement are
    made. Such
    changes apparently are not unique to kitte
, mice, and rats,
    but apply to mammals in general.
    Thus, research on play has given biologists an important
    tool with which to probe the development of the brain and
    40 motor systems of animals. The study on rats,
    kitte
, and
    mice may, for i
tance, provide a physiological explanation
    for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds
    of behavior that they will later use as adults. By stalking
    and capturing imaginary prey over and over again, a kitten
    45 builds its muscle and brain connectio
in a
    way that allows
    it to perform those actio
later in life.
    Play may also provide i
ight into the social develop-
    ment of animals. When the rough-and-tumble of play ends
    traumatically with a yelp or a shriek, young animals may
     50 be learning the limits of
    their strength and how to control
    themselves among othe
. Those are essential lesso
for an
    animal living in a close-knit group. Perhaps, some scientists
    guess, as mammals gathered into social groups, play took
    on the function of socializing membe
of the group. Not
    "55 everyone agrees with this theory, though. Another expla-
    nation is that play may not have evolved to cbnfer any
    advantage but is simply a co
equence of higher cognitive
    abilities or an abundance of nutrition and parental care.
    Why did play evolve? No one knows for certain, but
    60 after ten yea
of studying brown bea
of
    Alaska, biolo-
    gist Robert Fagen has his own opinion. "Why do people
    dance?" he asks. "Why do birds sing? For the bea
, we're
    becoming increasingly convinced that aesthetic facto
are
    primary." Sometimes, that is, animals play simply for the
    65 fun of it.
    17. In line 4, "rival" is closest in meaning to
    (A) mock
    (B) dispute
    (C) nearly equal
    (D) play with
    (E) contend agai
t
     态度评价
    文章示范：
    The passage below is followed by questio
based
    on its content. A
wer the questio
on the basis of what is state
    or implied in the passage and in any introductory material that may
    be provided.
    Questio
7-19 are based on the following passage.
    Frederick Douglass (1817-1895), who escaped from slavery, became an
    author and publisher and was
    internationally known for his i
trumental role in the abolitionist
    movement.
    In spite of the ridicule that various newspape
aimed at the
    women's movement, Frederick Douglass continued to lend it his
    active support. Indeed, few women's rights conventio
were held
    during the 1850's at which Douglass was not a featured speaker and
    whose proceedings were not fully reported in his paper. Invariably,
    the notice would be accompanied by an editorial comment hailing the
    meeting and expressing the editor' s hope that it "will have a
    powerful effect on the public's mind." In 1853, when Douglass was
    co
idering changing the name of his newspaper, he rejected the
    proposed title, The Brotherhood, because it” implied the exclusion
    of the sisterhood." He called it Frederick Douglass' Paper, and
    underneath the title were the words "All Rights For All!"
    Because women were not permitted to speak at mass meetings of state
    temperance associatio
,1 women in New York formed the Woman's
    State Temperance Society, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president.
    Douglass supported the society but took issue with the move led by
    secretary Amelia Bloomer to limit to women the right to hold its
    offices. He aligned himself with Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in
    opposing this as a violation of "the principle of human
    equality"--a violation, in short, of men's rights.
    Douglass felt that by excluding men from office the society would
    lose supporte
in the battle agai
t those in the temperance
    movement who wished to deny women equal fights. How, he asked,
    could women effectively contend for equality in the movement when
    they denied it to men? In June 1853, the society accepted the logic
    of this position and admitted men to office. Douglass learned much
    from women with whom he associated at the national and state
    women's rights conventio
. At one time, he had entertained serious
    doubts about wives being given the right to share equally with
    their husbands the disposition of property, since "the husband
    labo
hard" while the wife might not be earning money. But his
    discussio
with pionee
of the women's rights movement convinced
    him that even though wives were not paid for their domestic labo
,
    their work was as important to the family as that of their
    husbands. Once convinced, he acted. He wrote the call for the 1853
    convention in Rochester, New York, which demanded not only that
    women be paid equally with men for their work, but also that women,
    including married women, have equal rights with men in the
    owne
hip and disposition of property. In his newspaper that year,
    Douglass urged state legislation calling for passage of a law
    requiring equality in "the holding, and division of real and
    pe
onal property."
    On one issue, however, Douglass refused to budge. He was critical
    of women's fights leade
who addressed audiences from which Black
    people were barred. His particular target was Lucy Stone. Douglass
    often praised this abolitionist and veteran fighter for equal
    rights for women, but he criticized her for not having canceled a
    lecture in 1853 at Philadelphia's Music Hall when she discovered
    that Black people would be excluded. Later, he was more severe when
    he learned that she had invited Senator Stephen A. Douglas of
    Illinois, one of the architects of the infamous Fugitive Slave Act
    of 1850,2 to join
    the women who were to meet in Chicago in 1859 to publicize the
    women's rights cause. Frederick Douglass bluntly caused Stone of
    willingness to advance women's fights on he back of "the
    defe
eless slave woman" who "has also to bear the ten thousand
    wrongs of slavery in addition tohe common wrongs of woman."
    Douglass' disputes with some of the women' s rights leade
went
    beyond the question of their appearance before segregated
    audiences. Women like Stanton and Anthony were close to
    abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. When Douglass split with
    Garrison over the latter's reliance on words and "moral suasion" as
    the major route to abolition, as well as over Garrison's opposition
    to antislavery political action, some women's fights leade
grew
    cool toward Douglass.
    Although Susan B. Anthony had sided with Garrison, she solicited
    Douglass' support in her campaign agai
t capital punishment. She
    circulated a petition for a meeting in 1858 to protest an impending
    execution and to support a law making life imprisonment the
    punishment for capital crimes. Long an opponent of capital
    punishment, Douglass signed the petition, prepared a set of
    resolutio
on the
    issue, and agreed to take over for the scheduled chair, who had
    been intimidated by mob violence. Douglass' conduct won over even
    those women who had allied themselves
    with Anthony and Garrison.
    Thus, on the eve of the Civil War, Douglass' relatio
hip with the
    women's movement was once again
    cordial. Although this situation was to change after the war,
    Douglass' influence had helped the women's fights movement become
    more se
itive to the issue of prejudice agai
t Black
    America
.
    1 Temperance
    associatio
were groups that advocated laws to control the use of
    alcoholic beverages.
    2 The
    Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 authorized slaveholde
to reclaim
    runaway slaves
    8. In context, the word "hailing" (line 7) most nearly mea

    (A) pouring
    down on
    (B) audibly
    greeting
    (C)
    summoning
    (D)
    originating
    (E)
    praising
    hail: acclaim or praise enthusiastically
    阅读冲刺复习策略（1个月）
     快速复习核心单词
    讲义→真题→OG→巴郎3500→其他
    SAT is a prison, and only vocabulary can open its doo
.
     做全套模拟（至少12套）并分析
    真12→OG8→OC6→普11→卡12→巴6
    Practice may not make perfect, but it definitely makes
    progress!
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